The Java War
During the VOC (Dutch East Indies Company) period, the Dutch depended on the aristocrats in Java for goods that they could export. The Dutch took the goods from the aristocrats, and the cash crops from the peasants, and then exported the goods. The Dutch also taxed the people for rice and labor. The tax produced a very good profit for the Dutch. The elite people in Java started to be humiliated by the British occupation, and many of them were short on funds because of all the Dutch taxes. The common people also suffered from war, and the exploitation of Chinese farmers employed by the British and the Dutch. All this combined caused the people in Java to rebel against the Dutch. The War was made up of the a Javanese aristocrats resistance and the Dutch. The Java war was between 1825 to 1830, and the main figure for the Javanese was Pangeran Diponegoro. According to M.C. Ricklefs, Pangeran Diponegoro was a good leader for the Javanese. He said "as a senior prince, he had access to the aristocracy, as a mystic to the religious community, and as a rural dweller to the masses in the countryside." He was saying how Pangeran Diponegoro had a good connection with the middle class, and could relate to them, which makes a good leader. The main reason for the war, was that the Dutch wanted to build a road across his property, which contained a sacred tomb. The war was fought using guerrilla warfare by the Javanese, but ended in the loss of over 200,000 Javanese. The war was brought to an end when the Dutch started to use the "fortress system", which is small units of mobile troops in forts scattered around the region. Diponegoro and his followers did not envision the whole country to be independent , just Java to be free of Dutch rule. This is why Pangeran Diponegoro is national hero today.
We used "http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/nap/nether/fjava1825.htm" for the Quote
The Padri War
The Padri War was fought from 1803, to 1837. The war was fought in west Sumatra between the Padris (which were Muslim clerics from Sumatra), the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs that were assisted by the Dutch. A conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padris wanted to stop non-Islamic laws, which was the Adat. The Adat was the set of cultural norms, values, customs and practices found among specific ethnic groups in Indonesia. The Padri were Islamic reformers, and wanted to make the culture and beliefs all pure Islam, and get rid of the Adat. The War started back in 1803, but the Dutch intervened in 1827 when the Minangkabau nobility and chiefs asked them to help. Between 1821 and 1824, minor fights broke out, but was ended by the Masang Treaty. In the 1830's, the war broke out again, with the Dutch gaining many victories in the battles. The war was centered in Bonjol, the last stronghold for the Pardi. The Dutch won in 1837, and the conflict finally died out. With the Dutch victory, the Dutch then dominated west Sumatra.
Battle of Surabaya
After War World II, Indonesia thought they won their freedom, but it turned out there was still major fighting ahead to win their independence. A lot of the fighting was packed into the city of Surabaya. The Battle of Surabaya cost many lives for Indonesians, and is a symbol for Dutch Imperialism. After August 17 1945, when Sukarno declared Indonesia independent, the Dutch and Japanese groups occupied the Oranje Hotel in Surabaya, and marked it with a Dutch flag. When Indonesia nationalist groups heard of this, they went to the hotel. A battle broke out between the two groups and the Indonesians took down the Dutch flag. In the beginning of October, fighting took place throughout Surabaya between the Indonesians and Japanese. The Indonesians did manage to secure many of buildings in Surabaya. On October 25th, 6,000 British troops went to Indonesia, and their mission was to organize the recovery of Allied prisoners-of-war. However, the British wanted to recover Surabaya for the Dutch. The British underestimated the Indonesian forces. They went up against 20,000 troops of the newly-formed People's Security Army, and 100,000 other fighters. They were all fighting for the independence of Indonesia. On October 28th, the British were surrounded by the Indonesians. General Hawthorne, President Sukarno, and Vice President Hatta negotiated a truce on October 30th, with the British. The British were then sent to the Harbor to be sent away, but they started fighting. The British then wanted to take Surabaya by force, so they placed 24,000 troops in Surabaya. When the Indonesian rulers refused to surrender, bombs were dropped on Surabaya on November 10th. In the end, 200,00 people fled Surabaya, 160,000 Indonesians died, and 2,000 British had died. Even though Indonesia lost, it is still a strategic victory for them. This battle also showed how Indonesia has a lot of nationalism in their country, and it will be hard to take them over. This battle also demonstrated how the Dutch and the British did not have rule over Indonesia.
For the three conflicts, we used
"http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/11.htm"
"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301739/Java-War "
" http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/p/padri-war.html"
" http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/438051/Padri-War"
" http://www.fact-index.com/p/pa/padri_war.html "
During the VOC (Dutch East Indies Company) period, the Dutch depended on the aristocrats in Java for goods that they could export. The Dutch took the goods from the aristocrats, and the cash crops from the peasants, and then exported the goods. The Dutch also taxed the people for rice and labor. The tax produced a very good profit for the Dutch. The elite people in Java started to be humiliated by the British occupation, and many of them were short on funds because of all the Dutch taxes. The common people also suffered from war, and the exploitation of Chinese farmers employed by the British and the Dutch. All this combined caused the people in Java to rebel against the Dutch. The War was made up of the a Javanese aristocrats resistance and the Dutch. The Java war was between 1825 to 1830, and the main figure for the Javanese was Pangeran Diponegoro. According to M.C. Ricklefs, Pangeran Diponegoro was a good leader for the Javanese. He said "as a senior prince, he had access to the aristocracy, as a mystic to the religious community, and as a rural dweller to the masses in the countryside." He was saying how Pangeran Diponegoro had a good connection with the middle class, and could relate to them, which makes a good leader. The main reason for the war, was that the Dutch wanted to build a road across his property, which contained a sacred tomb. The war was fought using guerrilla warfare by the Javanese, but ended in the loss of over 200,000 Javanese. The war was brought to an end when the Dutch started to use the "fortress system", which is small units of mobile troops in forts scattered around the region. Diponegoro and his followers did not envision the whole country to be independent , just Java to be free of Dutch rule. This is why Pangeran Diponegoro is national hero today.
We used "http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/nap/nether/fjava1825.htm" for the Quote
The Padri War
The Padri War was fought from 1803, to 1837. The war was fought in west Sumatra between the Padris (which were Muslim clerics from Sumatra), the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs that were assisted by the Dutch. A conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padris wanted to stop non-Islamic laws, which was the Adat. The Adat was the set of cultural norms, values, customs and practices found among specific ethnic groups in Indonesia. The Padri were Islamic reformers, and wanted to make the culture and beliefs all pure Islam, and get rid of the Adat. The War started back in 1803, but the Dutch intervened in 1827 when the Minangkabau nobility and chiefs asked them to help. Between 1821 and 1824, minor fights broke out, but was ended by the Masang Treaty. In the 1830's, the war broke out again, with the Dutch gaining many victories in the battles. The war was centered in Bonjol, the last stronghold for the Pardi. The Dutch won in 1837, and the conflict finally died out. With the Dutch victory, the Dutch then dominated west Sumatra.
Battle of Surabaya
After War World II, Indonesia thought they won their freedom, but it turned out there was still major fighting ahead to win their independence. A lot of the fighting was packed into the city of Surabaya. The Battle of Surabaya cost many lives for Indonesians, and is a symbol for Dutch Imperialism. After August 17 1945, when Sukarno declared Indonesia independent, the Dutch and Japanese groups occupied the Oranje Hotel in Surabaya, and marked it with a Dutch flag. When Indonesia nationalist groups heard of this, they went to the hotel. A battle broke out between the two groups and the Indonesians took down the Dutch flag. In the beginning of October, fighting took place throughout Surabaya between the Indonesians and Japanese. The Indonesians did manage to secure many of buildings in Surabaya. On October 25th, 6,000 British troops went to Indonesia, and their mission was to organize the recovery of Allied prisoners-of-war. However, the British wanted to recover Surabaya for the Dutch. The British underestimated the Indonesian forces. They went up against 20,000 troops of the newly-formed People's Security Army, and 100,000 other fighters. They were all fighting for the independence of Indonesia. On October 28th, the British were surrounded by the Indonesians. General Hawthorne, President Sukarno, and Vice President Hatta negotiated a truce on October 30th, with the British. The British were then sent to the Harbor to be sent away, but they started fighting. The British then wanted to take Surabaya by force, so they placed 24,000 troops in Surabaya. When the Indonesian rulers refused to surrender, bombs were dropped on Surabaya on November 10th. In the end, 200,00 people fled Surabaya, 160,000 Indonesians died, and 2,000 British had died. Even though Indonesia lost, it is still a strategic victory for them. This battle also showed how Indonesia has a lot of nationalism in their country, and it will be hard to take them over. This battle also demonstrated how the Dutch and the British did not have rule over Indonesia.
For the three conflicts, we used
"http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/11.htm"
"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301739/Java-War "
" http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/p/padri-war.html"
" http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/438051/Padri-War"
" http://www.fact-index.com/p/pa/padri_war.html "